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| Articles on Biomechanics |
If you are interested in accessing the following list of selected scientific tennis articles on biomechanics please contact your local library or a journal database that allows article reprint.
1. Anderson, M.B. (1979). Comparison of muscle patterning in the overarm throw and tennis serve. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 50, 541-553.
2. Andrews, J.G. (1985). On the concept of center of percusion. Medicine and Science in sport and exercise. 17 nº 4. 598-606.
3. ANSYS. (1996) FEA takes the twang out of tennis, case study #20. Misc/copyright.htm SAS IP Inc.
4. Armenti, A. (19). The Physics of Sports. Vol.I. Chapter 5: tennis. Pp. 141-166. American Institute of Physics.
5. Atienza, F.L. (1992). Instrumento de valoración de la calidad técnica del servicio en tenis. Documento no publicado. Unidad de investigación de psicología del deporte. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Valencia.
6. Avery, C.A., Richardson, P.A., & Jackson, A.W. (1979). A practical tennis serve test: Measurement of skill under simulated game conditions. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 50, 554-564.
7. Avery, C.A., Richardson, P.A., & Jackson, A.W. (1979). Response to McGehee discussion. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 52, 296-297.
8. Bahamonde, R. (1997). Joint power production during flat and slice tennis serves. In J. Wilkerson, K. Ludwig & W. Zimmermann (Eds.). Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. (489-493). Texas Woman’s Univ. Texas.
9. Bahamonde, R. (1999). New forehand options alter biomechanics of tennis. Biomechanics, January, 51-60.
10. Bahamonde, R. (1999). Producing an explosive forehand and backhand. Applied Proceedings: Tennis of the XVII International Symposium on Biomechanics of Sports, Edith Cowan Univ., Perth, Australia.17-25.
11. Bahamonde, R. (2000). Changes in angular momentum during the tennis serve. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 579-592.
12. Bahamonde, R.E. & Knudson, D.V. (1998b). Kinematic analysis of the open and square stance forehand. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 30 (5): s29.
13. Bahlsen, H.A. and Nigg, B.M. Selection of a lateral test movement for tennis. In: Biomechanical aspects of sport shoes and playing surfaces. B.M. Nigg and B.A. Kerr (eds). University Printing, Calgary: 169-176, 1983.
14. Baker, J.A. & Putnam, C.A. (1979). Tennis racket and ball responses during impact under clamped and freestanding conditions, Res. Quart., 50,164-170.
15. Baker, J.A. & Wilson, B.D. (1978). Effect of racket stiffness and string tension on ball velocity after impacto, Res. Quart., 49,255-259.
16. Behm, D. (1988). A kinesiological analysis of the tennis service. National Strength Conditioning AssociationJournal, 10, 5, 4-14.
17. Beillot, J, Rochcongar, P., Briend, M.G., Le Bars, R. (1977). Tennis. Étude cinématograpiqhe et électromiograpique d’un geste: le service. Médecine du sport, 52, 4, 31-36.
18. Biehl, G. (1986). Tennis injuries and excessive load problems – medical criteria of the tennis shoe, 47-52.
19. Bitz Widding, M.A. & Moeinzadeh, M.H. (1990). Finite element modeling of a tennis racquet with variable string patterns and tensions. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 6, 78-91.
20. Blackwell, J. & Knudson, D. (2002). Effect of Type 3 (Oversize) tennis ball on serve performance and upper extremity muscle activity. Sport Biomechanics, 1, (2), 187-191.
21. Blackwell, J.R. & Heath, E.M. (1997). Mechanical and strategical considerations of the approach shot in tennis. International Sports Journal, VI (1), Summer, 30-38.
22. Blackwell, J.R., Cole, K.J. (1994). Wrist kinematics differ in expert and novice tennis playres performing the backhand stroke: implications for tennis elbow. Journal of Biomechanics, 27, 5, 509-516.
23. Blanksby, B., Elliott, B., & Ellis, R. (1979). Selecting the right racquet. Australian Journal of Health Physical Education and Recreation. 86. December. 21-25.
24. Blievernicht, J.G. (1968). Accuracy in the tennis forehand drive: cinematographic analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 39, 776-779.
25. Bloomfield, J., Fricker, P, & Fitch, K.D. (1992). Textbook of science and medicine in sport. Blackwell Science. Oxford.
26. Branningan & Adali, S. (1981). Mathematical modelling and simulation of a tennis racket. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 13, 1, 44-53.
27. Brizuela, P. G. (1996). Estudio biomecanico del calzado para tenis. Generacion de criterios biomecanicoss para su diseno. Biomecanica, Cuadernos de Informacion. 11, 9-11.
28. Brody, H. (1979) Physics of the tennis racket. American Journal of Physics, v.6, p. 482-487.
29. Brody, H. (1980) La fisica de la raqueta de tenis, Mundo Cientifico, v. 5, n. 46, p. 397-404.
30. Brody, H. (1981) Physics of the tennis racket II: The "sweet spot." American Journal of Physics, v. 49, n. 9, p. 816-819
31. Brody, H. (1987). Models of tennis racquets impacts. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 3, 293-296.
32. Brody, H. (1989). Vibration damping of tennis racquets. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 5, 451-456.
33. Brody, H., & Knudson, D. (2000) A model of tennis stroke accuracy relative to string tension. International Sports Journal, 4(1), 38-45.
34. Brody, H. (1985) The moment of inertia of a tennis racket. The Physics Teacher 23, p. 213- 216
35. Brody, H. (1990). The Tennis- Ball Bounce Test. The Physics Teacher 28, p. 407- 409
36. Broer, M.R. & Houtz,S.J. (1967). Patterns of muscular activity in selected sport skills. Sprinfield: Charles C.Thomas.
37. Broer, M.R. & Miller, D.M. (1950). Achievement Tests for beginning and intermediate tennis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 21, 203-213.
38. Broer, M.R. & Zernicke, R.(1966). Badminton and tennis. En M.Broer & R. Zernicke (Eds.). Efficiency of human movement. W.B.Saunders. Philadelphia.
39. Buckley, J.P. & Kerwin, D.G. (1988) The role of the biceps and triceps brachii during tennis serving. En Biomechanics IX (Editado por) (Champaign Ill.: Human Kinetics) 1021-1629.
40. Buckley, J.P. & Kerwin, D.G. (1988) The role of the biceps and triceps brachii during tennis serving. Ergonomics. 31, 11, 1621-1629.
41. Bunn, J.W. (19). Análisis de las técnicas de tenis. En Entrenamiento deportivo científico (pp.324-334). Editorial Pax. México.
42. Bunn, J.W. (19). A qualitative approach for studying human movement. En Entrenamiento deportivo científico (pp.6- 27). Editorial Pax. México.
43. Chow, J.W., Carlton, L.G., Chae, W., Shim, J., Lim, J. & Kuenster, A.F. (1999). Muscle activation during the tennis volley. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 6, 846-854.
44. Chow, J.W., Carlton, L.G., Chae, W., Shim, J., Lim, J. & Kuenster, A.F. (1999). Movement characteristics of the tennis volley. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 6, 855-863.
45. Di Genaro, J. (1969). Construction of Forehand drive, Backhand drive and Service tennis tests. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, Vol 40 (3), p. 496- 501
46. Dixon, S. & Stiles, V. (2001). Shoe interaction in tennis. In J.Mester, G.King, J.Strüder, E.Tsolakidis & A.Osterburg (Eds.). Proceedings of the 6th Annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science, 89.
47. Dyer, J.T. (1935). The backboard test of tennis ability, RQES, 6, 63-74.
48. Dyer, J.T. (1938). Revision of the Dyer Backboard test of tennis ability. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport . Vol. 9, 25- 31
49. Elliott, B. & Marsh, T. (1989) A biomechanical comparison of the topspin and backspin forehand approach shots in tennis. Journal of Sports Science. v. 7, p. 215-229.
50. Elliott, B. & Marsh, T. (1990). The forehand approach in tennis. Sports Coach, October-December, 11-15.
51. Elliott, B. (1982). The influence of grip tightness on reaction impulse and rebound velocity. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 14, 5, 348-352.
52. Elliott, B. (1982). The influence of tennis racquet flexibility and string tension on rebound velocity following a dynamic impact. Reserach Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53, 277-281.
53. Elliott, B. (1983). Spin and the power serve in tennis. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 9, 97-104.
54. Elliott, B. (1988). Biomechanics of the serve in tennis. A biomedical perspective. Sports Medicine, 6, 285-294.
55. Elliott, B. (1989). Biomechanics of tennis. En C. Vaugham (Ed.). Biomechanics of sport (pp.264-285). London: CRC Press.
56. Elliott, B. (1998). The superserve. Australian tennis Magazine. January.
57. Elliott, B. (2001). Biomechanics: the key to performance optimisation and injury reduction in tennis. In J.Mester, G.King, J.Strüder, E.Tsolakidis & A.Osterburg (Eds.). Proceedings of the 6th Annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science, 169.
58. Elliott, B. Marsh, T. & Overheu, P. (1987). The mechanics of the Lendl and conventional tennis forehands: a coach’s perspective. Sports Coach, October December, 4-8.
59. Elliott, B.(1981). Tennis racket selection: A factor in early skill development. Australian Journal of Sport Sciences, 1, 23-25.
60. Elliott, B., & Christmass, M. (1993). The slice backhand in tennis. Sports coach, July-September16-20.
61. Elliott, B., & Christmass, M. (1995). A comparison of the high and low backspin backhand in tennis using different grips. Journal of Sports Sciences, 13, 141-151.
62. Elliott, B., Marsh, T. & Blanksby, B. (1986). A three-dimensional cinematographic analysis of the tennis serve. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 2, 350-364.
63. Elliott, B., Marsh, T. & Overheu, P. (1989). The topspin backhand drive in tennis: A biomechanical analysis. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 16, 1-16.
64. Elliott, B., Marsh, T. & Overheu, P. (1989). A biomechanical comparison of the multisegment and single unit topspin forehand drives in tennis. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 5, 350-364.
65. Elliott, B., Overheu, P.& Marsh, T. (1988). The service line and net volley in tennis: a cinematographic analysis. The Australian Journal of Sciences and Medicine in Sport, June.
66. Elliott, B.C. & Christmass, M. (1993). The backspin backhand in tennis. International Journal of Sports Biomechanics, 141-151.
67. Elliott, B.C., Blanksby, B.A., & Ellis, R. (1980). Vibration and rebound velocity characteristics of conventional and oversized tennis rackets. Reserach Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 51, 4, 608-615.
68. Elliott, B.C., Marshall, R.N., Noffal, G..J. (1995). Contributions of upper limb segment rotations during the power serve in tennis. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 11, 4, 433-443.
69. Elliott, B.C., Takahashi, K., Noffal, G..J. (1997). The influence of grip position on upper limb contributions to racket head velocity in a tennis forehand. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 13, 182-196.
70. Elliott, B.C., Wood, G.A. (1983). The biomechanics of foot-up foot-back tennis service techniques. Australian Journal of sport Sciences. 3, nº3, 3-6
71. Elliott, B.C., Fleisig, G., Nicholls, R. & Escamilia, R. (2003). Technique effects on upper limp loading in the tennis serve. J Science and Medicine in Sport. 6: 78- 89.
72. Emmen, H., Wesseling, L., Bootsma, R., Whiting, H. and Van Wieringen, P. (1985) The effect of video-modelling and video-feedback on the learning of the tennis service by novices. Journal of Sports Science. v. 3, p. 127-138.
73. Enomoto, K. (1997). Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of backhand strokes in tennis players with and without lateral elbow pain. Microform Publ. Int. Inst. Sport & Human Performance. Univ. Oregon. Eugene.
74. FFT. Script of the film: The Champions Game Forehand.
75. Fox, K. (1953). A study of the validity of the Dyer Back board test and the Miller forehand-backhand test for beginning tennis players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 24, 1-7.
76. García, A.C., Sánchez-Lacuesta, J., Comín, M., Clement, V., Hoyos, J.V., Vera, P. (1992). Desarrollo de una plataforma dinamométrica para el análisis de movimientos deportivos. Actas del CCO. Instituto Andaluz del Deporte, 90-93.
77. Giangarra, C.E., Conroy, B., Jobe, F.W., Pink, M. & Perry, J. (1993). Electromyographic and cinematographic analysis of elbow function in tennis players using single- and double-handed backhand strokes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 21, 3, 394-399.
78. Gianikellis, K., Dura, J.V., Llobregat, R. (199). Estado actual de los sistemas optoelectrónicos empleados en la biomecánica del movimiento humano. Evaluación comparativa de sus características técnicas y prestaciones. 407-417
79. Grabiner, M.D., Groppel, J.L. & Campbell, K.R. (1983). Resultant tennis ball velocity as a function of off-center impact and grip firmness. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 15, 6, 542-544.
80. Groppel, J., Dillman, C., & Lardner, T. (1983) Derivation and validation of equations of motion to predict ball spin upon impact in tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, v. 1, p. 111-120.
81. Groppel, J.L. & Ward, T. (1979). Coaching implications of the tennis one-handed and two-handed backhand drives. In Science in Racquet Sports: Science in Sports. J. Terauds (Ed.). Academic Publishers. Del Mar. CA. 81-88.
82. Groppel, J.L. & Ward, T. (1979). Coaching implications of the tennis one-handed and two-handed backhand drives. Science of Racquet Sports (edited by J. Terauds), pp. 81-88. Del Mar, CA, Academic Publishers.
83. Groppel, J.L. (1983). Teaching one and two handed backhand drives. JOPERD nº38.23- 26.
84. Groppel, J.L. (1986) The biomechanics of tennis: An overview. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 2, 141-155.
85. Groppel, J.L., & Conroy, B. (1986). The mechanics of the tennis forehand drive: suggestions for training the tennis player. National Strength Conditioning AssociationJournal, 8, 5, 5-11.
86. Groppel, J.L., Shin, I.S., Thomas, J.A. & Welk, G.J. (1987). Effects of different string tension patterns and racket motion on tennis racket-ball impact. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 3, 142-158.
87. Groppel, J.L., Shin, I.S., Thomas, J.A. & Welk, G.J. (1987). The effects of string type and tension on impact in midsized and oversized tennis rackets. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 3, 40-46.
88. Grueter, D., & Davis, T. (1985) Oversized vs. standard racquets: does it really make a difference?. Research Quarterly For Exercise and Sport, v. 56, p. 31-36.
89. Hatze, H. (1976). Forces and duration of impact and grip thightness during the tennis stroke. Medicine and Science in Sports, 8, 88-95
90. Hatze, H. (1992). Objective biomechanical determination of tennis racquets properties. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 8, 275-287.
91. Hatze, H. (1992). The effectiveness of grip bands in reducing racquet vibration transfer and slipping. Medicine and Science in Sports, 24, 2, 226-230.
92. Hatze, H. (1993). The relationship between the coefficient of restitution and energy loses in tennis racquets. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 9, 124-142.
93. Hatze, H. (1994). Impact probability distribution, sweet sport, and the concept of an effective power region in tennis rackets. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 14, 43-50.
94. Hay, J. & Reid, J.G.(19). The anatomical and mechanical basis of human motion. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
95. Hennig, E., & Schnabel, G. (1996) Biomechanical analysis of the tennis serve for casual and expert players. Annals IX-th Biennial Conference of the Canadian Society of Biomechanics, Vancouver: Organizing Committe/CSB, p. 186-187.
96. Hennig, E., M., Milani, T., L. & Rosenbaum, D. (1993) The influence of tennis racket characteristics and grip strength on the magnitude of arm vibration, Abstracts, XIV International Congress on Biomechanics, pp.669.
97. Hennig, E., Rosenbaum, D. & , Milani, T. (1992) The transfer of tennis racket vibrations onto the human forearm. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, v. 24, p. 1134-1140.
98. Henning, E.M., Milani, T.L., Rosenbaum, D. (1993). The influence of tennis racket design on impact induced oscillations. Abstracts Int. Society of Biomechanics XIV Congress, 669.
99. Hewitt, J.E. (1965). Revision of the Dyer Backboard Tennis Test. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 36, 153-157.
100. Hewitt, J.E. (1966). Hewitt's tennis achievement test. Research Quarterly. 37: 231-240.
101. Hirano, Y., Tomosue, R. & Miyasita, M. (1989). Comparative study of hitting skill among tennis, baseball and golf in regards to timing in the exertions of muscle strength. En (Eds.). Biomechanics IX. (pp.810-814).
102. Hope, A., Dowell, L.J., Smith, F., Miller, G. & Krebs, G. (1988). A comparison of the effect of angle of incidence of slow, medium, and fast incidence velocities on velocity deviation of a tennis ball. 299-305.
103. Hoyle, R. J. (1985). Targets for practicing tennis serves. Journal Physical Education recreation and dance, March, 60-61.
104. Hoyos, J.V., Montero, J., Llobet, R., Belda, J.M., Brizuela, G. (1996). Sistema de análisis de movimientos kinescan-IBV. Biomecánica, cuadernos de información, 14, 22-27.
105. Hreljac A (1998). Individual effects on biomechanical variables during landing in tennis shoes with varying midsole density. J Sports Sci. Aug;16(6):531-7
106. Hughes, M. (1994). A time- based model of the activity cycles in squash with different scoring systems, nd tennis on different surfaces. Journal of Sport Science, 13, 85.
107. IBV. (1992). Grupo de biomecánica deportiva. Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia
108. Jack, M., Adrian, M, & Yoneda, Y. (1979). Selected aspects of the overarm stroke in tennis, badminton, racquetball and squash. In Science in Racquet Sports: Science in Sports. J. Terauds (Ed.). Academic Publishers. Del Mar. CA. 69-80.
109. Jenkins, C., & Calder, C. (1990) Transient analysis of a tennis racket using PC-based finite elements and experimental techniques. Experimental Mechanics, v. 6, p.130-134.
110. Johnson, J. (1957). Tennis serve of advanced women players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 28, 123-131.
111. Kane, T.R., Hayes, W.C. & Priest, J.D. (1974). Experimental determination of forces exerted in tennis play. In R.C. Nelson & C.A. Morehouse Eds. Biomechanics in sports IV Baltimore: University Park Press. 235-290
112. Kemp, J. & Vincent, M.F. (1968). Kemp-Vincent rally test of tennis skill. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , Vol 39 (4), 1000- 1004
113. Kibler, W.B., Goldberg, C. & Chandler, T.J. (1991). Functional biomechanical deficits in running athletes with plantar fasciitis. The American J. of Sports Med., 19, 1, 66-71.
114. King, Y. (1983). Mechanical analysis of racket and ball during impact. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 15, 5, 388-392.
115. Kirby, R. & Roberts, J.A. (1985). Introductory biomechanics. (Chapter 21). Movement Publications Inc. Ithaca NY.
116. Kleinoder, H, & Mester, J. (2000). Cinematic adaptations in coordination at different forehand stroke velocities in tennis. Journal of Sport Sciences, 18, 7, 476.
117. Knudson D, Blackwell J. Trunk muscle activation in open stance and square stance tennis forehands. Int J Sports Med. 2000 Jul;21(5):321-4.
118. Knudson, D. & Bahamonde, R. (2001). Effect of endpoint conditions on position and velocity near impact in tennis. J Sports Sci. Nov;19(11):839-44.
119. Knudson, D. & Roberts, E.M. (1989) Kinematic variability of the tennis forehand drive. In R.J. Gregor, R.F. Zernicke & W.C. Whitings (Eds.) Proceedings of the XII Int. Congress of Biomechanics. N. 39. Los Angeles. UCLA.
120. Knudson, D. & White, S.C. (1989). Forces on the hand in the tennis forehand drive: Application of the force sensing resistors. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 5, 324-331.
121. Knudson, D. (1989). Hand forces and impact effectiveness in the tennis forehand. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 17, 1-7.
122. Knudson, D. (1990). Intrasubject variability of upper extremity angular kinematics in the tennis forehand drive. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 6, 415 -421.
123. Knudson, D. (1991) Factors affecting force loading on the hand in the tennis forehand. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 31, 527-531.
124. Knudson, D. (1991) The tennis topspin forehand drive: Technique changes
and critical elements. Strategies, 5(1), 19-22.
125. Knudson, D. (1991). Effect of string type and tension on ball vertical angle of rebound in static tennis impacts. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 20, 39-47.
126. Knudson, D. (1991). Forces on the hand in the tennis one-handed backhand. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 7, 282-292.
127. Knudson, D. (1993) Effect of string tension and impact location on ball rebound accuracy in static tennis impacts. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 9, 143-148.
128. Knudson, D. (1997) Effect of grip models on rebound accuracy of off-center tennis impacts. Proceedings of the XVTH International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. 15, 483-487.
129. Knudson, D. (1997) The effect of string tension on rebound accuracy in tennis impacts. International Sports Journal, 1(2), 21-25.
130. Knudson, D. (1999) An open & square stance case. TennisPro, September/october, 10-11.
131. Knudson, D. (1999) Using sport science to observe and correct tennis
strokes. In B. Elliott, B. Gibson, and D. Knudson (Eds.) Applied Proceedings of the XVII International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports,Tennis. (pp. 7-16). Perth, Western Australia: Edith Cowan University.
132. Knudson, D. (2001). Tennis stroke controversy. J. Orth. Sports Phys. Ther., 31, 12, 759-760.
133. Knudson, D. et al. (1994) How to analyze the tennis serve. Strategies, 7(8), 19-22.
134. Knudson, D., & Bahamonde, R. (1999). Trunk and racket kinematics at impact in the open and square stance tennis forehand. Biology of Sport, 16(1), 3-10.
135. Kramer, A.M., & Knudson, D.V. (1992). Grip strenght and fatigue in junior college tennis players. Preceptual and motor skills, 75, 363-366
136. Legnani, G. & Marshall, R.N. (1993). Evaluation fo the joint torques during a tennis serve: Analysis of experimental data and simualtions. Proceedings of the IV International Symposium on Computres Simulation in Biomechanics. BMS 8-11. Paris. France.
137. Leig, D.C. & Lu, W.Y. (1992). Dynamics of the interactions between ball, strings, and racquet in tennis. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 8, 181-206.
138. Lendvoy, H. (1982). Biomechanics as a reinforcer. Coaching Review. Vol 5, Sept-Oct, 48-50.
139. Li, F.X., Fewtrell, D., Jenkins, M. (2004). String vibration dampers do not reduce racket frame vebration transfer to the forearm. Journal of Sports Sciences. 22, 1041-1052.
140. Liu, Y.K. (1983). Mechanical analysis of racket and ball during impact, Medicine and science in Sports and Exercise,15, 5, 388-392.
141. Luethi, S.M & Nigg, B.M. (1986). The influence of different shoe constructions on discomfort and pain in tennis. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 2, 149-153.
142. Luethi, S.M., Frederick, E.C., Hawes, M.R. & Nigg, B.M. (1986).Influence of shoe construction on lower extremity kinematics and load during lateral movements in tennis. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 2, 166-174.
143. Luong, M. (2001). Infrared scanning of the tensile behaviour of tennis racket strings. In J.Mester, G.King, J.Strüder, E.Tsolakidis & A.Osterburg (Eds.). Proceedings of the 6th Annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science, 87.
144. Madrid. F. (1980). Aprenda a jugar al tenis: Análisis musculares de los diferentes golpes del tenis. En M.Santana y otros (Eds.). Enciclopedia del tenis. 4 tomos. Madrid: Ed. Nueva Lente.
145. Marshall, R.N., Noffal, G.J. & Legnani, G. (1993). Simulation of the tennis serve: factors affecting elbow torques related to medial epicondylitis. Proceedings of the IV International Symposium on Computers Simulation in Biomechanics. BMS 8-11. Paris. France.
146. McGehee, R.V. (1979). Discussion of a "practical tennis serve test: Measurement of skill under simulated game conditions". Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 52, 294-295.
147. Messick, J.A. (1991). A prelongitudinal screening of hypothesized developmental sequences for the overhead tennis serve in experienced tennis players 9-19 years of age. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62, 249-256.
148. Michikami, S, Ae, M, & Matsumoto, K. (1999). Kinematic analysis of tennis forehand strokes for world top players down the line stroke and cross court stroke. Abstracts, XVIIth ISB Congress. Calgary, August 8-13.
149. Missavage, R.J., Baker, J.A., Putnam, C.A. (1984). Theoretical modeling of grip firmness during ball-racket impact. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 55, 3, 254-260.
150. Miyasita, Tsunoda, Sakurai et al.(1980). Muscular activities in the tennis serve and overhead throwing. Scandinavian Journal of Sports Sciences. nº 2.52-58
151. Murphy, C. (1978). Tennis: Whose/What form to teach: A biomechanical approach. Motor Skills: Theory in to Practice. 3, 1, 21-34.
152. Nicol, K. (199). Approach to a General Model for Sports Movements Biomechancs IX-B, p. 1151-115.
153. Nigg, B., & Segesser. (1988). The influence of playing surfaces on the load on the locomotor system and on football and tennis injuries. Sports Medicine, 5, 375-385.
154. Nigg, B., & Yeadon, M.R. (1987). Biomechanical aspects of playing surfaces. J. of Sports Sciences, 5, 117-145.
155. Nigg, B., Frederick, E.C., Hawes, M. & Luethi, S.M. (1986). Factors influencing short-term pain and injuries in tennis. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 2, 156-165.
156. Nigg, B., Luethi, S.M. & Bahlsen, H.A. (1986). The tennis shoe – Biomechanical design criteria. 39-46.
157. Nigg, B., Luethi, S.M. & Bahlsen, H.A. Influence of shoe construction on the supination during sidewards movement in tennis shoes. Biomechanics: current interdiscplinary research. Dordrecth: Martinus Nijhoff Publisher, 1985.
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